The GAG populations isolated were chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA). PGs and GAGs were successfully extracted from both archaeological human bones and teeth, and characterized by their electrophoretic mobility in agarose gel, degradation by specific enzymes and HPLC. We therefore optimized methods for the extraction of both PGs and GAGs from archaeological human skeletons. The ability to isolate and characterize PG and GAG content from archaeological skeletons would unveil valuable paleontological information. PGs and GAGs play a major role in bone morphogenesis, homeostasis and degenerative bone disease. DNA and proteins have been successfully extracted from archaeological skeletons from which valuable information has been obtained however, to date neither PGs nor glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains have been studied in archaeological skeletons. Extracellular matrix proteins and PGs bind tightly to hydroxyapatite which would protect these molecules from the destructive effects of temperature and chemical agents after death. Preparation of gagh is discussed at length in his book Klingon for the Galactic Traveler.Bone tissue is mineralized dense connective tissue consisting mainly of a mineral component (hydroxyapatite) and an organic matrix comprised of collagens, non-collagenous proteins and proteoglycans (PGs). In the Klingon language designed by Marc Okrand, gagh is spelled qagh and pronounced slightly different from what is heard on the various TV shows. Wistan gagh, which was packed in targ blood.There were at least 51 different types of gagh, each with its distinct taste and texture. He promptly stole the shuttle after landing and set off for gagh, to Ensign Brad Boimler's displeasure. In 2380 while being transported to Tulgana IV for diplomatic talks, a drunken Klingon General K'orin insisted on being set down in " Little Qo'noS" to find some gagh (or as Ensign Beckett Mariner referred to it, "hot worms"). She wanted it thrown out into space by dumping it out the airlock but was disallowed due to environmental laws. Ezri Dax later rejected the gagh due to being sickened by Jadzia's memories of it. In 2375, a shipment of gagh ordered by Jadzia Dax for the celebration of General Martok's birthday arrived on Deep Space 9. He rejected it as it was "too early." ( DS9: " Inquisition") In 2374, Bashir was given a plate of gagh intended for Worf instead of the red leaf tea, scones, and moba jam he had ordered. Major Kira Nerys claimed a tentacle grabbed her hand while she was checking the contents of one such crate. Regular shipments of gagh started to arrive on Deep Space 9 after a permanent Klingon military presence was established on the station in mid 2373. ( VOY: " Fair Trade") He did so again in 2377 when Voyager took aboard Klingons whose ancestors had migrated to the Delta Quadrant. However, none of the crew seemed very enthusiastic about it. In 2373, Neelix served cold gagh aboard the USS Voyager for a special Klingon breakfast buffet. After Captain Jonathan Archer had been exposed to and subsequently cured of the Klingon Augment virus, he had a "strange craving" for "a plateful of live gagh." ( ENT: " Divergence") In 2154, Fleet Admiral Krell casually ate gagh as he informed Harris of Section 31 that he was reneging on their arrangement. ( TNG: " A Matter Of Honor", " Unification I" DS9: " Melora", " Inquisition") Riker and Jean-Luc Picard claimed to have developed a taste for it, and Doctor Julian Bashir occasionally enjoyed it. Many Humans found gagh unappetizing, though both William T. Scraping out the worm barrels was considered one of the worst jobs on Klingon vessels. Live gagh required a supply of blood to survive. Although most Klingons preferred to consume it alive, it could also be served stewed or cold. Gagh was a Klingon delicacy made from serpent worms. – Jean-Luc Picard, 2368 (" Unification I")
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